The human papillomavirus (HPV) – a common name for a group of viruses causing a variety of diseases. Well-known for more than 100 species. The pathogen is spread throughout the world. In order to avoid infection, it is important to know how the human papilloma virus.
What is the HPV infection?
HPV infection – a group of viral disease caused by the human papilloma virus. At the moment, the study, which has been described, more than 100 types of this virus. For a long time, scientists have studied the morphology of the pathogen, which is not allowed to determine which types of viruses that cause the pathology. They were identified separately from the group of HPV high-risk of developing cancer.
Due to the fact that HPV primarily affects the reproductive system, the considerable attention to the study of problems with regard to the gynecologists. I'm talking about what is HPV in gynecology, it is necessary to pay attention to the high risk of developing cancer of the cervix. The experts found that the virus directly, but instead, the 16-th and 18-th types of provoke the development of cancer processes in the female reproductive system.
HPV transmission and infection.
HPV is well known for its resistance to environmental factors, so that for a long time, to keep up the activity and into the environment. This explains the ability of a pathogen to widespread. However, for the direct transmission of HPV through a droplet does not take place. Talk about how it is transmitted HPV from person to person, doctors have a point about the required presence of a direct contact with the skin or mucous membrane of a carrier of the virus.
The mode of transmission of HPV vary:
- sex;
- contact us-the house;
- the vertical.
The most common mode of transmission of HPV
The first time I've heard of this type of pathogen, patients often ask the doctor: is passed if the human papilloma virus, a sexually. The doctors say that this method is the most common. According to the official statistics, about 70% of people are sexually active are carriers of HPV. The infection can occur several times in the course of his life.
The majority of women and men become infected with HPV after a few months of the start of an active sex life. It should be noted that HPV is often attributed to sexually transmitted diseases, however, infection is also possible during sexual intercourse without penetration. Contact with the genitals, the virus that can lead to an infection.
The doctors call one of the following modes of transmission of HPV:
- when the kiss;
- during the time of the oral sex.
HPV infections in the home
Some infectious disease specialists are taking the household-the transmission of HPV. The percentage of the distribution of the virus in this manner is small, nevertheless, we cannot completely exclude this possibility. The virus can stay active, hitting the pool, the spa, and the infection is not possible in the public areas.
The infestation in the home takes place through kissing, use of personal care products being infected with HPV. In such cases, an increase in the risk of infection:
- the weakening of the immune system.
- a violation of the rules of personal hygiene.
The risk of HPV infection.
The likelihood of HPV infection, the sharp increase at the beginning of their sexual life. The transfer of the road is considered to be a major focus. Also, specialists have identified a number of risk factors, the presence of which is several times increases the risk of infection:
- early sexual debut;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- the neglect of birth control.
That is, it is necessary to say about the possibility of an infection in childhood. In the majority of cases, HPV is spread from the mother to the time of the birth of a child. When promoting through the birth canal of an infection occurring to baby. The children are, the easier it is to tolerate an infection, and they almost didn't happen. In addition, with the advent together with his mother's milk off-the-shelf antibodies observed a spontaneous cure.
How is an HPV infection?
Infection with HPV occurs by direct contact of mucous membranes, skin, and genitals. During intercourse often have microcracks and damage to the mucous membranes, that increases the risk of HPV infection. Although there are some differences in the mechanisms of transmission of the virus in women and men.
How is the human papillomavirus in men?
The probability of HPV infection in men, is directly dependent on the number of regular sexual partners. Often promiscuity, in a couple of times to increase the probability of the occurrence of the infection. In this case, the man is in the majority of cases, are not aware of the presence of the HPV virus in the body. As a result of the spread of the virus any further. 90% of the games are going to the infection to the partner, who had previously been completely healthy.
As a woman, a human papilloma virus?
Ways of infection with HPV in women do not differ from those characteristic of men. In the first place is sexual. However, the risk of infection in women, and to increase some of the risk factors.
Among those gynecologists provide:
- early sexual debut;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- abortion;
- traumatic pregnancy in the anamnesis;
- gynecological diseases;
- stress;
- long-term use of oral contraceptives.
Transferred to infant the human papilloma virus?
Being aware of the presence of HPV in the body, women who plan to become pregnant in the near future, one wonders whether the transmitted human papillomavirus from mother to baby. Experts say the risk of infecting the baby is there. However, children rarely have the HPV, ways of infection are different from those in adults. Transmission often occurs at the stage of promotion of the fetus through the birth canal the virus from the mucous membrane of the mother passes to the baby.
It is worth noting that the risk of such an infection is at a low level. In the majority of cases, the child's body manages to get rid of the HPV in the first 2-3 months of life. This occurs due to the reception of the body of the infant antibodies from the mother's milk. The main risk for HPV years-respiratory tract lesions – appearance of polyps. Such cases are very rare and are treated more like exceptions.
HPV how long after exposure?
Learning about how is human papilloma virus, many patients are interested in at the time of the first symptoms. The doctors can't tell how fast you are accompanied by an infection with HPV.
Very important are the following factors:
- the age of the patient;
- in the presence of a chronic inflammatory process in the body;
- the state of the immune system.
In practice, the terms and conditions of clinical manifestations of HPV are different. The appearance of warts, changes in the affected cells, can be observed in a couple of weeks or a month. In some cases, the first lesions on the skin in the groin area and genital area were detected a year later, after it was hit by a papilloma virus in the body. To determine the exact time of receiving the HPV in the body and it is possible that, on the basis of laboratory tests.
Signs of an HPV infection.
The symptoms of HPV infection occur the lesions of the genitalia. In the majority of cases, the virus causes characteristic lesions on the skin. The patients record the vulgar, the appearance of papillomas, and genital warts. On the outside, these growths resemble a cauliflower, and can be confused with other skin manifestations is difficult.
Among women, papillary growths pale pink ideal for:
- in the area of the labia minora;
- in the groin;
- of the clitoris;
- in the vicinity of the external opening of the urethra;
- on the eve of the vagina.
In some cases, warts are formed in the anus, if the woman is into anal. The strong growth of these kinds of information, leading to bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse. The men are like, and education is localized in the area, the crotch, at least on the surface of the penis.
Vaccination against HPV after infection
Even for those who know, such as the human papilloma virus, it is not always possible to avoid infection. After the rehabilitation treatment, in order to prevent HPV infection, to prevent development of relapse, the doctors carried out the vaccination against the human papilloma virus. Vaccinations help prevent the development of viral infection of about 15 years of age or more than that.